What is bipolar disorder?

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Bipolar disorder is one of the more notorious mental health diagnoses, but that does not mean it is well understood. You may be able to attend mental health training courses in your area to learn more about this complex condition, but even if not, you can still familiarise yourself with the basics.

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Symptoms of bipolar disorder

At its most basic, bipolar disorder is defined by mood swings. It used to be known as manic depression because people experience periods of high energy and elation known as mania, followed by feelings of depression. Swings can be rapid and extreme, but may also be subtler or more prolonged with periods of stability between. In some cases, people may also show some psychotic symptoms.

Subtypes

The most well-known subtypes of bipolar disorder are type one and type two. But there is also a milder variation known as cyclothymia, plus an undefined category if symptoms do not fit into the other definitions.

Causes

We do not know exactly what causes bipolar disorder, though there seems to be a genetic component. Environmental factors may increase your risk. Around 2% of people have some form of bipolar disorder.

Treatments

A primary treatment for bipolar disorder is medication, most commonly through mood stabilisers such as lithium. People with psychotic symptoms may also benefit from antipsychotics. Therapy may help individuals cope with their diagnosis, manage triggers and better maintain relationships and employment. Specialist mental health training courses in your area may help you offer better support.

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There are multiple reasons you may want to understand bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions. Understanding makes it easier to support people who have been diagnosed and also means that you can combat public prejudice. Just being familiar with the basic symptoms, types and treatments is a good starting point.